My Philosophy of Education Essay -- Essays Papers

My Philosophy of EducationIt is the supreme art of the teacher to awaken satisfaction in creative expression and knowledge. -Albert Einstein The foundation for my philosophy of teaching is very simple. I believe that if I am bored, the students are bored. I twist my teaching methods and strategies towards grasping not only the interests of my students but of myself as well. This enables my students to take away a positive experience from the erudition process. Many times students inject my classroom with the attitude that English is a tedious and boring subject. I feel it is my duty as an English teacher to remove this negative shoot down of view by creating a positive learning environment. This environment should awaken joy in creative expression and knowledge in the areas of language and literature. I also believe that the teacher is an mechanic. This artist produces inspiration in students to question, to develop their own ideas, and to express themselves. This en ables the student to become more enthusiastic about learning in the English classroom and learning throughout life. Literature should be used to help students create contexts and contents for themselves. Close examinations of literature enable students to think critically about literature itself, as well as their own lives and decisions. Literature in the classroom should contain a variety of genres, authors, and cultures to engage students in feel at the world and their lives from different perspectives. Teaching grammar should fit within the literature being read and the works being composed, with connections to student work. It should be approached functionally, deriving its meaning and relevance from the classroom context. As a teacher, o... ...is created. It is important for educators to come through students with the keys to success. The curriculum is simply a strategy to facilitate the knowledge that will lead to success. It should provide the studen ts with a broad foundation of skills and knowledge that will guide them throughout their lives. The language arts curriculum should be centered on text and subjects that get ahead students to think and make informed decisions. Ultimately, the curriculum should be used to help students understand themselves and to see the possibilities in the world around them. If the teacher is indeed an artist and the student his or her work of art, the curriculum is the tool that enables the production of a masterpiece.ReferencesNational Council of Teachers of English. (2003). Secondary Home Page. Retrieved January 21, 2003, from http//www.ncte.org/second/

The Transformation of a King Essay -- Literary Analysis

Debatable is the story of Prince Hal and how he undergoes a transformation so infinite we may have difficulty comprehending the struggles he endured. Throughout the feed in of events in total heat IV, Part I, By William Shakespeare, first impressions of the characters are depicted and remain strong during most of the play. From the beginning of the play it is understood that Hal is an immature extraverted who sees no need for careful behaviors. Unlike his father, King Henry IV, Hal puts forth insufficient effort to prove he can hold the power that go away eventually be his when he succeeds his father in the throne. Throughout the play there is controversy between the King and Hal as a direct impart of Hals performance as a Prince. From gallivanting in the tavern, to fighting in the battle of Shrewsbury, Hal becomes the watchword that King Henry has been pressuring him to be all along. The father/ watchword relationship is a significant theme in this play, alongside Prince Hals other relationships with important male figures such as Hotspur and Falstaff. Falstaff is one of the favorites of this play, rather plain that he is the brunt of a multitude of jokes somehow maintains certain poise. On the other hand, we have Hotspur, a talented and brave young man the King wishes were his son That some night-tripping fairy had exchanged/ In cradle-clothes our children where they lay/ And called mine Percy, his Plantagenet/ Then would I have his Harry, and he mine (1.1.86-89). Both Hotspur and Hal are the intended time to come leaders of their country, but Hal doesnt seem to understand his role in its entirety (at least his actions havent proven his maturity to the likes of King Henry IV). The King would prefer Hal act in a more appropriate manner when... ... moves forward and leaves the hopeless bodies to their assumed decomposition, he feels confident in himself for his accomplishments. clear-sighted that his father will speak about his honor and courage with r espect and immense gratitude, he couldnt be more pleased with the outcome of his fighting. kit and caboodle CitedKastan, David Scott. Introduction. King Henry IV, Part I. London Arden, 2002. 44-51. Print.Kastan, David Scott. The King Hath Many Marching in His Coat. 1 Henry IV. By William Shakespeare. Ed. Gordon McMullan. 3rd ed. New York Norton, 2003. 330-346. Print.Reno, Raymond H. Hotspur The Integration of pillow slip and Theme. Henry the Fourth, Part I, by William Shakespeare. Ed. James L. Sanderson. 2nd ed. New York Norton, 1969. 235-244. Print.Shakespeare, William. 1 Henry IV. Ed. Gordon McMullan. 3rd ed. New York Norton, 2003. Print.

Characteristics of Magical Realism in If Dinosaurs Were Cats And Dogs :: Dinosaurs Were Cats And Dogs Essays

Characteristics of Magical Realism in If Dinosaurs Were Cats And Dogs If Dinosaurs Were Cats And Dogs is a short story written by Colin McNaughton. If Dinosaurs were Cats And Dogs was published in 1981. It is classified under the fantastic sublime. However, base on the analysis of If Dinosaurs were Cats And Dogs one would believe that magical realism is a genre of the sublime. While reading If Dinosaurs Were Cats And Dogs, one comes upon the illustrations in the book. Through expose(a) altogether of the illustrations, the people are on a smaller scale then the animals. Scale is a sign of a sublime work. It creates a mood of temper being more important than humans or anything else for that matter. Scale, when used in sublime works, sets a universal or macroscopic tone. I would confidently declare that nothing contributes so decisively to the grand style as a noble emotion in the right setting, when it forces its way to the get along in a gust of frenzy, and breathes a kin d of divine inspiration into the speakers words (Longinus 109). Longinus is explaining how a moment in a story line becomes clear to the reader out of a turbulent setting. It is considered by Longinus to be a perfect specimen of the sublime. In the short story If Dinosaurs Were Cats And Dogs, many examples of the emotion force their way to the surface in an uncontrollable frenzy. A good example from If Dinosaurs Were Cats And Dogs would be this excerpt This snake is over ten miles long, which makes it very hard to steer. When people shout, Look out Look Out Its heads too far away to hear(McNaughton 21). In the excerpt from the story, when it is explained that even though people are shouting for the snake to project where it is going, the snake cant hear because the its head is ten miles away. This is a brilliant examples of sublime literature. Although If Dinosaurs Were Cats and Dogs is classified as fantastic sublime, the story has many examples of magical realism inside its pa ges. The way in which the animals in the story are humungous is one of the many examples of magical realism. A parrot that is twenty-nine feet tall is remarkable. Even more extraordinary is a snake that is ten miles long.

So You Want to Be an Astronaut :: NASA Space Astronauts Essays

So You Want to Be an Astronaut Part I The Application Theres an application just to get an application. I had to fill out what NASA calls an application interest form, which is an information card much interchangeable the kind of card you fill out and send in for a magazine subscription. I got the card at the Johnson Space Center in Houston expiry summer. The put center is a sixteen-hundred-acre compound filled with lush grass and cream-colored buildings of different shapes and sizes. Satellite dishes bloom like flowers throughout the compound, and the only buildings open to the ordinary are a museum, the rocket park, and mission control. After climbing through a mock-up of the space shuttle, pretending to be Sally Ride, I passed by an information kiosk and the application interest form caught my eye. I grabbed one and stuck it into my Space Center museum guide, forgetting about it until months later when I filled it out and mail it in. Just a few weeks ago my applicatio n arrived. Its a twenty-five page affair with a glittering blue and silver strain that has a picture of the space shuttle on it. I removed the cover and tacked it up on my bulletin board next to a postal card of Charles Lindbergh standing in front of The Spirit of St. Louis. Twenty-five pages. Becoming an astronaut is more than difficult than applying to Harvard Medical School. More difficult than doing your taxes. Probably even more difficult than running for the senate. Now, I cant be an astronaut because I have absolutely no interest in math, science, engineering, medicine, or astrophysics. I dabble in astronomy, but they dont send you up in the space shuttle because you think it would be neat. However, its important to forever and a day have an impossible dream. It keeps you humble. This is my impossible dream. So, I read through the application. Why do you want to be an astronaut? I love the audaciousness of the space program. Here we are, little animals tryin g to jump off our planet. How have your past accomplishments or experiences prepared you to be an astronaut? When I visited the Johnson Space Center in Houston I tried on a space helmet. It fit. The boots were another story but I can wear many layers of socks.

To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee :: To Kill a Mockingbird Essays

To Kill A Mockingbird EssayInjustice is a problem which everyone faces. cryptograph likes to suffer from injustice, even they make others suffer all the time. Yet some individuals like Atticus Finch rise above this injustice enough to stay steep of his ways and to know what he was doing was truely right. Other individuals like Boo Radly hide indoors practicing ways Alien to Maycomb believing what he was doing was morally right and he would be repaid in his subsequentlylife. The last man who rises above injustice is Tom Robinson, who has been charged with a crime he didnt commit but yet he stayed strong enough to be able to think beyond it and win his court case. In the novel, To Kill A Mockingbird, there are triplet characters who suffer the most injustice. These people are Atticus, Tom Robinson and Boo Radley. Atticus, a man with great wisdom, suffers from the fact that he had taken on a black case. He was constantly persecuted for his decision by all classes in Maycomb county, which made him have to work even harder and keep his head up if he was departure to overcome the odds and win the trial. Even though his family was made fun of, he stuck with his choice and worked the hardest he could to ignore the threats and harassment. Some people almost essay to turn his own kids against him through persuading them against him and telling them about the different ways of Atticus Do you know he can play a Jews Harp?(About Atticus) this modest accomplishement served to make me even more ashamed of him(Lee 90). He did very well to ignore all the abuse and was greatly respected after the trial was over. Another person who suffered from injustice was Tom Robinson. He suffered a different type of Injustice than Atticus Finch though. He suffered a Racial Injustice, a raw, upfront injustice I seen that black nigger yonder ruttin on my Mayella(Lee 173). He was charged with a crime he did not commit. His side of the myth was not believed beca use he was black, which really shows the amount of injustice during the time the novel was set in. Through the whole trial, he did not retaliate at the fair people, he did not get mad because he was improperly accused, he just showed the level of respect which everyone deserves.

The Movement of Liminal Women and its Consequences in Early Greek Myth :: Euripides Women Females Myths Essays

The Movement of Liminal Women and its Consequences in Early Hellenic Myth The title of this paper takes as its cue Blondell et als Women on the Edge Four Plays by Euripides, 1 which argues in its introduction that women in tragedy often crack normal life by their words and actions they deliver out boldly, tell lies, cause public unrest, violate custom, defy orders, even kill. (Blondell, Gamel, Rabinowitz, Sorkin and Zweig. 1999, x) The four plays selected by the editors - Alcestis, Medea, Helen and Iphigenia at Aulis crack cocaine examples of women who support the status quo and women who oppose and break down it. (Blondell, Gamel, Rabinowitz, Sorkin and Zweig. 1999, x) Sometimes, however, it is enough that a woman merely be present for normal life to be not only disrupted, but irrevocably altered. Further, a womans transposition from one plain to another, and her corresponding transition from one state to the next, may transpose the very nature of the instauration itself. Th is article allow discuss several sh bed characteristics in the myths of Pandora, Persephone and Helen as presented in some of our earliest ancient classic literary sources. Specifically, I shall look at those geological dating from the 8th to 6th centuries BCE Homers Iliad and Odyssey Hesiods Theogony and Works and long time the Homeric Hymn to Demeter and Homeric Hymn to Aphrodite and finally, the Greek epic fragments. Pandora, Persephone and Helen have been chosen because their stories reflect the ongoing mythological preoccupation regarding the role of women within Greek society. It is possible to view the progression of the three as conforming to the rites de passage as described by naked as a jaybird wave Gennep in 1960 (10-11, 116 ff) We witness rites of separation, operating on two levels. First, despite their sh ard descent from, or creation by, the Olympian gods, they exist in the realm of mortals. Secondly, their partnerships are instigated either against or despite their will, and are marked by a concurrent development in the type of space they occupy. Rites of transition may be interpreted in the corresponding change of status that these women undergo - from daughters, virgins and legitimate spouses, to brides, wives and consorts. Finally, rites of incorporation occur once Pandora, Persephone and Helen are reintegrated into what the myths depict as a new world. This is achieved through aetiological explanations for the state of the cosmos and/or the institution of a new era of the human condition.The Movement of Liminal Women and its Consequences in Early Greek Myth Euripides Women Females Myths EssaysThe Movement of Liminal Women and its Consequences in Early Greek Myth The title of this paper takes as its cue Blondell et als Women on the Edge Four Plays by Euripides, 1 which argues in its introduction that women in tragedy often disrupt normal life by their words and actions they speak out boldly, tell lies, cause public unrest, violate custom, defy orders, even kill. (Blondell, Gamel, Rabinowitz, Sorkin and Zweig. 1999, x) The four plays selected by the editors - Alcestis, Medea, Helen and Iphigenia at Aulis offer examples of women who support the status quo and women who oppose and disrupt it. (Blondell, Gamel, Rabinowitz, Sorkin and Zweig. 1999, x) Sometimes, however, it is enough that a woman merely be present for normal life to be not only disrupted, but irrevocably altered. Further, a womans transposition from one sphere to another, and her corresponding transition from one state to the next, may change the very nature of the cosmos itself. This article will discuss several shared characteristics in the myths of Pandora, Persephone and Helen as presented in some of our earliest ancient Greek literary sources. Specifically, I shall look at those dating from the 8th to 6th centuries BCE Homers Iliad and Odyssey Hesiods Theogony and Works and Days the Homeric Hymn to Demeter and Homeric Hymn to Aphrodite and fin ally, the Greek epic fragments. Pandora, Persephone and Helen have been chosen because their stories reflect the ongoing mythic preoccupation regarding the role of women within Greek society. It is possible to view the progression of the three as conforming to the rites de passage as described by Van Gennep in 1960 (10-11, 116 ff) We witness rites of separation, operating on two levels. First, despite their shared descent from, or creation by, the Olympian gods, they exist in the realm of mortals. Secondly, their partnerships are instigated either against or despite their will, and are marked by a concurrent development in the type of space they occupy. Rites of transition may be interpreted in the corresponding change of status that these women undergo - from daughters, virgins and legitimate spouses, to brides, wives and consorts. Finally, rites of incorporation occur once Pandora, Persephone and Helen are reintegrated into what the myths depict as a new world. This is achieved th rough aetiological explanations for the state of the cosmos and/or the institution of a new era of the human condition.

More Work for Mother

It was in the nineteenth century when a new adulation of women came to be developed. much popularly known as the Victorian Age, it was during this era when the sacredness of the hearth and home has been born. It is a philosophy that has been endorsed with intricacies and complications from the year 1830 until 1860 (Payne NP).Technology has caused an improvement in our standard of living. plot of ground it claims to make our lives easier, it doesnt always appear to be a time saving device. The creation of electric appliances has reduced the amount of work children and husbands do somewhat the house. Wives, on their end consume the similar amount of time doing the household chores because the help they use to receive has been included in the elimination that gave way to the climax of technological advances (Cowan 102 217).The functionalist interpretation of the recent history of the family has been discussed. Industrialization was a participant in the backward search for feminini ty because some of womens roles in the household were being replaced by technology women were searching for new ways of being a woman within the home. Some theories would have it that the advent of home appliances has caused wives to leave their homes and find their ecological niche in the outside world. Technology has been the causal agent to the entrance of women into the workforce outside the portals of their own homes (Ibid, par. 2).Running a family means learning new things either single day. Its like learning earth science and geography. It doesnt end when you tie the knot. Instead, it just reminds you that you have just advanced to graduate train studies. Just when you think youve mastered it, it changes itself a bit and as a result, you have re- learn it. After all, family life is a lifestyle. Old habit dies unattackable indeed that though there has been a transition from the hearth to the microwave, wives remained domesticated just the same. Times have passed and thing s have changed but you still find yourself doing the same things with just a little twist or two. For there will always be days when it feels like youre struggling through healing(p) math.Works CitedCowan, R. More Work for Mother The Ironies of Household Technology from the Open Hearth to the Microwave. New York Basic Books, 1983.Payne, Jennifer. The Nineteenth Century Cult of the Lady. 24 shocking 2008. JenniferPaynes History. Retrieved January 28, 2008 from http//www.geocities.com/Athens/Aegean/7032/cultoflady.html.Why Labor Saving Devices Dont Save Labor The History of Household Technology. 23 February 2005. Pamela E. Mack History 323. Retrieved January 25, 2008 from http//www.clemson.edu/caah/history/FacultyPages/PamMack/lec323/household.htm.

Oil and Dutch Disease

ECONOMICS FOR BUSINESS Project Report on embrocate color and the recent ?Dutch Disease? The Case of the United Arab Emi estimates Submitted by Amitava Manna 1 foliate Table of Contents Introduction .. 2 Purpose UAE minimise . 4 Theoretical Framework 4 Empirical Findings and Analysis . 6 Data .. Descriptive Statistics 6 The relapse Model 8 Conclusions .. 10 2Page Introduction Four decades ago, the United Arab Emirates (U. A.E) landscape and infrastructure consisted of not much more than deserts where sheikhdoms survived on fishing, pearling, herding and agriculture. Today, Abu Dhabi and Dubai are two of the most essential emirates in the earth dominated by roads, luxury homes, and skylines (consisting of modern glass and steel skyscrapers). The new modern infrastructure has replaced the undeveloped cities that once existed before. To say the to the lowest degree U. A. E has transformed from a desert into a developed country1 with a high gross domestic product (gross dome stic product) reaching $192. 03 million2 in 2010. According to the ball-shaped Competitiveness Report 2008-2009, U. A. E was ranked number 31 globally for its growth competitiveness. The large boost in U. A. E? s development and frugality is founded on the export of the country? s crude and petroleum- base products since 1958, when rock oil was first sight in Abu Dhabi. Almost 10 percent (%) of the world? s period oil reserves are controlled by the U. A. E, enabling it to command more than 16% of OPEC? s total reserves. The aim of the U. A. E? economy is to minimize its dependance on oil at that placefore much focus has been targeted on diversifying the economy during the past two decades. In turn, making it more underage on the dish out sector, especially high-class tourism as well as expanding the international finance sector. In both developed and developing countries, a natural imaging thunder, (as experienced in U. A. E) has triggered the so called Dutch Disease?. It is a theory that originates from the Netherlands in the 1970s, basically explaining a decline in the traditional manufacturing sector when the country experiences a boom in their natural resource.The Dutch Disease indicates that the natural resource abundant factor triggers an appreciation of the domes- tic currency. In turn, opposite non-resource exporters are bear on at the same time and the manufacturing sector experiences a constrained activity to compete in the world market. Furthermore, the agricultural sector undergoes a decline as labor moves to either the booming sector or the non-tradable sector. The case of the Dutch Disease would be a problem to the U. A. E since it causes the shift of labor and ware for the tradable sector to the non-tradable sector causing a decline in the country? exports of manufacturing and agricultural goods. The decline in exports of U. A. E? s traditional tradable goods de-creases return of the goods poignant the country? s economy in a os tracise way. Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study U. A. E? s development in sparing growth since 1975 and establish if thither are either signs of the Dutch Disease by testing the ratio of tradable goods to non- tradable goods and the effects by early(a) macroeconomic unsettleds. 3Page UAE Background U. A. E consists of the seven emirates Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Ra? al-Khaimah, Ajman, Umm al-Qaiwain and Fujairah, which are located on the southern Arabian disconnectedness. On the 2nd of December 1971, the country became nonparasitic after being under British rule for a period of 70 years. The independence and discovery of oil triggered the economic development in U. A. E which led to a huge expansion in the population. The population boom in U. A. E is a result of the increase demand for labor end-to-end the past four decades and consists for the most part (83%) of labor from foreign countries referred to as expatriates. United Nation? (UN) database illustrates the division of the labor from two perspectives first from the year 2000 compared to the changes that prevailed in 2010. Female participation and male participation in 2000 consisted of 34. 4% in the former group and 92% in the latter group. As stated in the introduction, iodin of the impacts when an economy is experiencing signs of the Dutch Disease is the high ostentation rate followed by a change in the original exchange rate. Fluctuations in the real exchange rate earth-closet cause resources and production to reallocate between the economy? sectors of tradable and non- tradable goods and services and is there-fore regarded as an important price in the economy. The U. A. E is cardinal of the countries in the Middle East which follows a pegged (or fixed) ex- change rate regime, in which foreign central banks stand ready to buy and sell their currencies at a fixed price in terms of dollars. The currency of the U. A. E, the AED was first officially pegged against the USD in 197 4. By the end of 1977 fluctuations occurred widely. For over two decades the USD had been utilize as an drop anchor currency in practice when it became the official anchor currency in 2002.The decision to make the USD an anchor currency was made by the member nations of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) in severalise to establish a common currency in 2010. The U. A. E and the effects from the oil industry have not been studied to any great extent. However some studies on the Dutch Disease concerning other countries have been conducted, but these studies are mainly theoretical and lack econometric testing. The studies with statistical analysis contain time series, more observations and flexible exchange rates (which could be included in the lapse model). Theoretical FrameworkIn gild to comprehend the Dutch Disease theory, theoretical model of tradable (T) and non- tradable goods4 (NT), also known as the TNT Model can be used. According to Sachs and Larrain (1993) the most impor tant assumptions is that N can neither be exported nor imported and its domestic uptake and production must be equivalent. The opposite applies for T, consumption and production domestically can differ because of the possibility of imports and exports T. In this specific model, two goods are produced and 4Page consumed T and N by one factor of productivity which is labor.The translate side obtains two analog functions QT = aTLT (T) and QN = aNLN (N), Where, production is dependent on labor. LT and LN accounts for the amount of labor used, whilst aT and aN are the marginal productivities of labor for the two sectors. In other words a T or aN units more of output is achieved if one extra unit of labor is applied in either sector. Due to the linear functions, aT and aN also account for average productivities. The demand side of the TNT model circles around consumption decisions which do not include investment spending. amount of property absorption, i. e. pending on T and N is exp ressed in the equation as followed A = PTCT + PNCN Total absorption is defined by A and levels of consumption for T and N by CT and CN. PT and PN correspond to the price of the goods. Furthermore, Sachs and Larrain (1993) assume if the ratio CT/CN is fixed, then households consumes CT and CN in fixed proportions, (regardless of comparative prices). If overall spending increases, it is followed by an increase in consumption in T and N by the same proportion and vice versa. Figure below illustrates the production possibility frontier (PPF), the consumption line and the market equilibrium for T and N in a country.The PPF shows each quantity of QT that is produced in nightclub to produce the maximum quantity of QN. If QN = aNL then QT = 0, represented by point B in the figure. Then the factor of productivity labor is located in the N sector. If QN = 0 and QT = aTL, then labor is located in T (point D in the figure). The slope of the PPF is equal to PT/PN, i. e. the relative price of T in terms of N, which is also referred to as the real exchange rate, e, in the TNT model. thereof, aN/aT = PT/PN = e. Figure The PPF, Consumption Path and Equilibrium QNCN B G H F C E D A 5Page QTCTEmpirical Findings and Analysis Data Summary of the Macroeconomic Variables used in the Regression Ratio of tradable goods to non- tradable goods (R) Sum of tradable goods (manufacturing value added, agriculture value added) divided by the sum of non-tradable goods (services value added). Inflation as GDP deflator in annual percent. Variables that are used to classify data into mutually special categories. Here the dummy variable represent the period 1975-1980, since the change in oil price was dramatic during these years. Based on current prices and is ex-pressed in USD per barrelUN (2010) Inflation (I) Dummy variable (D1) Nation Masters Economy Statistics, U. A. E (historical data) (2010) Gujarati (2010) scathe of oil (P) Annual Statistical bulletin OPEC (2010) Other variables were also tested, but callable to insignificant values and to avoid problems of correlation, some of the variables were excluded from the regression models. One of the other variables tested was money supply (M1), but since this variable was highly correlated with GDP, we decided to exclude it. GDP was also excluded due to high correlation with the price of oil. Descriptive StatisticsThe following figure shows the change in value added of tradable goods and non-tradable goods in U. A. E throughout the period 1975-2005 expressed in billion of AED per year. Value Added in Tradable and Non-tradable in U. A. E, 1975-2009 6Page Value (BAED) 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 NT T As can be seen the production of non-tradable goods has been larger than tradable goods (non-oil goods) during the entire period. The tradable sector has not in-creased as much as the non- tradable sector, i. e. non-oil production has decreased in comparison to non-tradable.In fact the non-tradable sector has increased al most twice as much as the tradable sector, which is a symptom of the Dutch Disease. One of the reasons why the non-tradable sector may have increased so much could be due to the country? s rise in export of oil throughout 1975-2009. US $ per Barrel 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Price of Oil Inflation Rate Figure illustrates the relationship between the price of oil and the inflation rate during the period 1975-2005. We will concentrate on analyzing the inflation rate? s peak and lows and the impact from the fluctuating oil price.We can first see that there was a sharp decline in inflation from 19758 until 1978. During 1974 the inflation rate was 138. 26% according to Nation Master Economy Statistics (2010). The sharp decline could be due to that the U. A. E officially pegged 7Page the AED to the USD in 1974. The fluctuation in the inflation rate cannot only be explained by a boom in production but also depends on other factors as well, such as the depreciation of the USD. One of the reasons w hy the inflation in U. A. E change so dramatically during the years 1998-2001 could be due to the burst of the I.T-bubble (known as the Dot-com bubble) in the late 1990s which moved(p) USD disconfirmingly. The Regression Model In order to test if the chosen macroeconomic variables show indications of symptoms of the Dutch Disease, the model with the ratio of tradable goods to non-tradable goods was adopted but adjusted in order to fit this thesis. The adjusted equation is based on time series data. The presented macroeconomic variables inflation (I) is based on the theoretical framework presented, price of oil (P) is adopted which included price of oil in the regression analysis.The dummy variable (D1) for the period 1975-1980 is which included a dummy variable for a one year period. The ratio of tradable goods to non-tradable goods serves as the dependent variable in both models, however the independent variables differ slightly the first regression model includes inflation and p rice of oil as the independent variables. The second regression model also includes inflation and price of oil but a dummy variable for the period 1975-1980 was added. Model 1 R = ? 0 + ? 1P + ? 2I + ? Model 2 R = ? 0 + ? 1P + ? 2I + ? 3D1 + ? 4. 4. Econometric Problems In the beginning of the regression testing we discovered that some of the variables were correlated with one another. Money supply (M1) and GDP were the most correlated variables in the regression models, so in order to avoid multi co linearity problems we decided to exclude money supply and GDP from the regression model. The reason why the two variables were excluded was due to the high correlation between GDP and money supply and the high correlation between GDP and price of oil. Coefficient ?1 (Price of Oil) ?2 (Inflation) ?3 (Dummy Variable) . 5 Regression Results Sign negative or no effect negative negative or no effect 8Page In order to make it more comprehensive for the reader, the authors summarized the coeff icients and significance levels (1%, 5% or 10%) from the two different regression model results with 36 observations for the period 1975 to 2010. The R-square values show that 39. 3% (model 1) and 75. 3% (model 2) of the change in the ratio of tradable goods to non-tradable goods can be explained by the model used. The goodness of fit in model 1 on the other hand, has a poorer fit, where 39. % of the influences on the dependent variable can be explained by the model. The better fit of model 2 can be due to the additional variable tested in the second regression model, i. e. D1. In model 1 and 2 the price of oil is significant and does not support the expectation that it would have a negative or no effect on the ratio. Price of oil is significant at a 1% significance level in model 1 and affects the dependent variable positively. A 1% increase in the ratio of tradable goods to non-tradable goods would increase the price of oil by 0. 05840%, all else equal. In the second regression m odel, the price of oil is significant at a 1% level, meaning that a 1% change in the regress and would increase the price of oil by 0. 002988%, all else equal. The results from the regression models indicate that the price of oil has a positive effect on the dependent variable. This result corresponds to the authors? expectations that during a boom in natural resources, inflation has a negative effect on the ratio. The negative relationship between the inflation rate and the ratio can also be xplained by the spending effect since in a fixed exchange rate regime the inflation rate is affected by the in-crease in the money supply. The second hypothesis for model one is therefore not rejected and the authors can conclude that the macroeconomic variable inflation is a symptom of the malady in the country. However in the second model the inflation variable is not significant and the authors can thereby not take the variable into stipulation when analyzing if the U. A. E experienced the Dutch Disease during the years 1975- 1980.Furthermore, the insignificant value of the inflation rate in model two might be due to the short time period tested, 1975-1980. The major oil price shock during this period had a negative impact on the economy of U. A. E, which negatively affected the inflation rate, leading to the insignificant-cant value in the second regression model. Time Series Regression Model 1 & 2 Model 1 R = ? 0 + ? 1P+ ? 2I + ? Coefficient Variable (t-stat) Constant 0. 166071*** (5. 141492) Price of Oil (P) 0. 005840*** (4. 122855) Inflation (I) -0. 352179* (-1. 38647) R2 = 0. 393393 DW = 0. 238252 *** satisfying at 1% level ** Significant at 5% level * Significant at 10% level Model 2 R = ? 0 + ? 1P+ ? 2I + ?3D1 + ? Coefficient (t-stat) Constant Price of Oil (P) Inflation (I) Dummy Variable (D1) R2 = 0. 753809 DW = 0. 416614 0. 242127*** (10. 00689) 0. 002988*** (2. 915261) -0. 016530 (-0. 127760) 0. 144894*** (-6. 287065) 9Page Conclusions This project is a s tudy whether the oil boom in U. A. E during the 1970s led to symptoms of the Dutch Disease and if the country is a victim of the disease. tether hypotheses were tested and descriptive data was analyzed in order to reach a conclusion. The first hypothesis tested the authors? bid that the price of oil has a negative (or no) effect on the ratio of tradable goods to non-tradable goods. The results showed that the price of oil did have a positive effect on the ratio, meaning that even though there are changes in the price of the natural resource it does not affect the production in the non-oil sectors to decline. Hypothesis 1 is therefore rejected by us.In the mid-1980s the disease took an opposite direction when oil prices collapsed. Domestic demand dropped sharply in the oil-rich countries causing the construction industry to experience unemployment and employment shifted back to the tradable goods sectors. Therefore it can be concluded that the price of oil cannot be considered as a symptom of the Dutch Disease in the U. A. E. The second hypothesis was based on the problems of the high inflation rate U. A. E has experienced on and off during the years.Inflation was stated to have a negative effect on the ratio of tradable goods to non-tradable goods due to the fixed exchange rate. The regression results showed that inflation held a negative impact on the ratio therefore the hypo-thesis is not rejected by us. The last hypothesis was based on the high oil prices that existed during the period 1975-1980. Therefore a dummy variable was included in the hypothesis with the statement that it would have a negative (or no) effect on the ratio of tradable goods to non-tradable goods.Results showed that the dummy variable was negatively correlated with the ratio, thus the third hypothesis is not rejected. The negative relationship is in line with our expectations. One explanation for the negative impact on the ratio could be due to the oil price shock that occurred in 197 9. The increase in the oil price during these years therefore affected the oil production negatively. Furthermore, the price of oil can be seen as a possible symptom of the Dutch Disease in U. A. E? s economy.

Nodody Won Essay

AbstractWhen the Arthur Andersen LLP/Enron scandal surfaced in 2001, there was much sloppiness as to whom committed what crime and how many employees were actually involved. After the facts and criminal charges were final, the sequence of events makes sense the union of dickens companies, the rise of the participating executives, and finally the oddity of the money ride. The leaders of both companies used dishonesty to make an abundant amount of money and gain power status (Thomas 2002). Christopher Bergland verbalize it best when he wrote, Karma is a boomerang and the enormous-term shame and anxiety of cheating will ultimately negate the short-term gains of victory, . This definitely held true for the employees who were disgraced at the culmination of the legal proceedings they may guide had more(prenominal) money than they needed, provided they ultimately broken in the end.The BeginningThe joining between Arthur Andersen LLP and Enron was a marriage too good to be true . The relationship started in 1986 when Enron hire the news report firm Arthur Andersen LLP to perform creative accounting, allowing the energy caller-up to appear more powerful on paper than it really was . Enron Corporation started investing batchive amounts of money in Special aspiration Entities to generate huge amounts of revenues. Special employment Entities are creative ways for companies to more efficiently raise debt, but they also make it tougher for investors to decipher a ships companys actual debt movie . Company BackgroundsBoth companies were built on determination, dedication, and hard work. The founder, Arthur Andersen, who was orphaned at the age of 16, worked as a mailboy during the day and attended school at night. By the age of 23, he became the youngest CPA in Illinois. A mere five years later he started his testify accounting firm . The same consciousness set Andersen possessed in his teen years carried over to his adult life.He realized the key to hi s business succeeding was by promoting integrity and phone audits . Enron was founded on the same characteristics plus a few others pride, arrogance, and greed. Kenneth temporal wanted to adopt the largest money making company he could and succeeded by pushing for deregulating of the power industry. In 1985, Mr. Lay took advantage of the govern custodyts decision to let gas prices fluctuate/float with the currents of the market. By doing this, Enron grew from 10 billion to 65 billion in assets in 16 years . Lay had visions of what he wanted Enron to be and then sold them to his staff. Hitting it BigIn gear up for a new idea to be successful, a leader with self-assurance and confidence must be present. Mr. Lay found these qualities present in Jeffrey Skilling and hired him as a chieftain Executive Officer. Skilling believed in the survival of the fittest. He had an opinion that money is the only incentive that motivated people and he created a competitive, ruthless, and cutthro at workplace. Skilling implemented the Performance Review Committee. Performance Review Committee, or PRC, is an employee evaluation system which graded workers from 1-5, 5 being the lowest and resulting in expelling from the company. The Enron staff knew it better as rank and yank . One employee who was a trader was quoted saying, if I can get a $5 million pension for stepping on someones toes, Ill stomp on their throat .Both companies worked hard to build a reputation. Andersen expected all of his staff to be honest and always to put the clients needs in front of their own agenda unless it involved falsifying documentations. Early in the companys beginning, Mr. Andersen was faced with a moral decision concerning fabricating records for a client. Andersen, with his integrity intact, refused .The firm proceed with the think straight and talk straight tradition after the death of Andersen and through the transition of promoted employee Leonard Spacek .With Spacek at the controls, the company proceed to thrive while remaining committed to the regimented management style of the founder . Offices were undefendable throughout the United States, then ultimately around the world. At this point, the firm started consulting as well as offering audits. Under Spaceks supervision, Arthur Andersen LLP became one the well-nigh prominent accounting firms labeling them as one of the Big Five . The company grew so immensely that Spacek had to turn down clients.Enron had the same growth spurt as Andersen. In a few short years, the company became the seventh largest corporation. It was touted as being take by the best and the brightest . Ken Lay, Cliff Baxter, Jeff Skilling, and Lou Pi were men who thought they were unstoppable. These ruthless leaders took huge risks in order to make money. They were failing miserably, but Ken Lay reported otherwise to the public. He said in news conferences that Enron was thriving and prospering because of his staffs willingness to take risks. With the growing of both firms, it was evident that structural changes were needed. Structural Changes at AndersenThe client ladle for Andersen was becoming too much for just one company. It was evident that balancing the commitment to auditing while adding a consulting practice was so much of a push that Arthur Andersen LLP decided to create a nonher division within the company. In the mid-1980s, the majority of Andersens revenues were being generated from the consulting fees, but were still being dispersed with the accounting place . This caused a strain between the two parties. The consultants felt since they were contributing more to the company their salaries should be increased.The only solution was to change the current organizational body structure and create two divisions. Andersen Consulting along with Arthur Andersen LLP became subunits of Andersen Worldwide Organization . Spacek, like his predecessor, was a leader who liked to be seen by his staff, was well inf ormed of business dealings, and continued to encourage honesty. Being decentralized allowed the decision-making to be made by the divisions, branches, departments, or subsidiaries . Both parts of Andersen Worldwide Organization could operate however they chose and make their own decisions, including which clients they took on. Ultimately, it was the accounting division that took on Enron. How the Two Companies FitEnron officials knew that Andersen had made some questionable decisions in the past and were coming off of a quiet case that involved some creative accounting . Andersen fit the profile that Skilling knew he needed in order for his visions to work. With Andersen being divided up into two divisions, Spacek could not control what was happening in both sides of the firm. Lay, on the other hand, knew exactly what his executives were doing . Enronhired the accounting firm to make the energy company to appear more powerful on paper than it really was . Enron Corporation started investing massive amounts of money in Special Purpose Entities to generate huge amounts of revenues.Special Purpose Entities are creative ways for companies to more efficiently raise debt, but they also make it tougher for investors to decipher a companys actual debt scene . They were also using mark-to-market to book potential hereafter tense profits regardless of actual money. Profits were whatever Enron said they were based on hypothetical future value or HFV. Mike Muckleroy, a former Enron executive, warned Mr. Lay of the risks associated with betting on the oil market, but Lay did not change any policies or procedures. In fact, he approved of the current behaviors. Lay sent out a memo to his executives saying to keep up the good work. As long as money was being made, he chose to ignore the dishonesty. The money ride came to a sudden halt in 2001.For approximately sixteen years, Arthur Andersen LLP would audit Enrons financial statements. Not only would the accounting firm pr ovide external audit services, but also handle the internal auditing processes as well. As Enrons revenues dramatically increased year after year, the paperwork and audit information had to match accordingly. Enron needed Arthur Andersens employees to make the visual parallel happen and compensated them millions of horses for their services. At one time, Arthur Andersen LLP had approximately one hundred people assigned distinctively to Enron. There had become such a significant amount of work that accounting offices were designated for the accounting employees and staff was transferred to Enrons headquarters in Houston. Eventually, the responsibility of Enrons Chicago and London locations were added to their caseloads making Enron one of Arthur Andersen LLPs largest clients worldwide . Pump-n-DumpTop leaders in both firms were making an obscene amount of money. An anonymous tip was given to authorities about former President of Enron, Louis Borget. It was said he had interpreted ov er three million dollar marks of corporate funds and put it into his own account, and that was just the beginning. Enron reported a loss in the third quarter net profit at the same time as a reduction of stocktakingholder equity. Former CEO Jeff Skiing, current CEO Kenneth Lay, and other executives started to sell large amounts of Enron stock as prices dropped from $90 to less than a dollar this practice was called pump-n-dump . This scheme allowed top executives to push the stock prices up then cash in their multimillion dollar options.Lou Pi was the leader for Enron Energy Services at the time and after he sold his stock using this method, he made profited $250 million . exchange of this much stock gained attention of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission which led to an investigation. It was apparent that a divorce, a trial, and probably prison time was in the near future for Arthur Andersen LLP and Enron leaders who were involved. No matter what the outcome of the trial was going to be, the once impeccable Arthur Andersen and powerhouse Enron were doomed companies because the damage had already been done. Crumbling CompaniesAndersens company, once led by an honest, visible leader who was filled with integrity by making ethical choices was now being led by greedy, selfish executives who saw dollar signs instead of morals. Andersens reputation was ruined and strikeing clients was going to be next to impossible because of the publicity the scandal receive. David Duncan who was responsible for the Enron audit, was fired by Arthur Andersen LLP for mass destruction of Enron documents and Enron relieved Arthur Andersen LLP of all accounting and auditing duties . Even though Arthur Andersen pled not guilty to the charges brought against them, the final decision of the courts was Arthur Andersen LLP was found guilty of obstruction of justice and received five years probation, had to pay a $500,000 fine, lost their license in the state of Texas, and cease d their auditing services. Resulting in a devastating loss of clientele and over 7,000 workers had to find new jobs .More people were affected by Enrons outcome than that of Arthur Andersens. After the investigation, Enron filed bankruptcy, over 20,000 people lost jobs, many officials served a prison sentence, and shareholders lost tens of billions of dollars . As officials dug deeper into the scam, recovered documents and many of the testimonies revealed many banks were guilty as well. Bank employees detailed how the banks engineered fake transactions to keep billions of dollars of debt off Enrons proportionality sheet and create the illusion of increasing earnings and operating cash flow . As a result, stricter accounting laws regarding audits were later passed by the SEC . closing curtainIn this situation, having a leader who exhibits good judgment, morals, ethical conduct, and integrity can strengthen an alliance within a work place. When Arthur Andersen and Leonard Spacek were the supervisors, Arthur Andersen LLP was a major company with a flawless reputation that was completely shattered by a few employees who did not exemplify such characteristics as the former leaders. Arthur Andersen LLP violate into two separate divisions, which I think was the correct move because the company was growing and the current staff could not handle the clientele load. In order for the split to work, though, both units needed supervisors like what the company was founded on managers who could be trusted and held accountable. If I was a partner in Andersen and realized what was being committed, I would have tried to put an end to it.Maybe if someone had the gumption to stand up for what was right, many jobs could have been saved and investors money would not have been lost. Enron, on the other hand, was dishonest from the beginning and it was only a matter of time before the leaders were caught of wrong doings. Enron, in my opinion, was being led by the inspiring leaders with excellent leadership skills and work ethics they just did not have the morals to go with it. Mr. Borget was the first to get caught Ken Lay was aware of Borgets actions, but ignored it because he was not incriminated or even suspected yet, but as history reveals, his time was coming .lastly several years later, Lay and his associates received their forthcoming. In the 2001 trial, Ken Lay was charged with 11 criminal acts. Jeff Skilling was sentenced to prison and to this day still claims he did nobody wrong, Cliff Baxter committed suicide before he was to appear in court, and Lou Pi lost 6 million in an insurance policy from the corporation, but never saw any jail time .Had Andersen Worldwide Organization declined on Enrons business proposal, the accounting firm may have continued to grow and possibly dominate the numbers world. From my point of view, this scandal was a lose-lose situation to everybody involved, from entry level positions all the way up to Chief Executive Offi cers. Enron became a major power-house in sixteen years and only took 24 days to collapse and go bankrupt . A devastating end point to both firms several criminal charges were filed against numerous employees, hearings were held, and the companies which were built on ambition and drive were destroyed and are no longer are in existence. In this case, nobody won.ReferencesAnswers. (2012). Retrieved from Advantages and disadvantages of centralization and decentralization? http//wiki.answers.com/Q/Advantages_and_disadvantages_of_centralization_and_decentralization BBC. (2003). The Enron Affair. Retrieved from BBC News http//news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/business/2002/enron/ Bergland, C. (2012). Cheaters Never Win. Psychology Today.Brickley, J., Smith, C. & Zimmerman, J. (2009). Managerial Economis and Organizational Architecture (5th Ed.). Boston, MA McGraw-Hill Irwin. Byrne, T. (2002). Special- Purpose Entities Are Often A Clever Way to Raise Debt Levels. Retrieved from nyu.edu http//p ages.stern.nyu.edu/adamodar/New_Home_Page/articles/specpurpentity.htm Findlaw. (2003). Indictment (US v. Arthur Andersen, LLP). Retrieved from News http//news.findlaw.com/hdocs/docs/enron/usandersen030702ind.html FundingUniverse. (2005). Anderson History. Retrieved from FundingUniverse http//www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/andersen-history/ Geller, R. (2002). Background of the Banks Role in the Enron Debacle. Retrieved from The Enron Fraud http//www.enronfraud.com/ Gibney, A. (Director). (2004). Enron-Smartest Guys in the room Motion Picture. Houston Chronicle. (2002, April 19).Hot Topic Anderson. Houston Chronicle. Investopedia. (2011). The Enron Collapse A Look back. Retrieved from Investopedia http//www.investopedia.com/financial-edge/1211/The-Enron-Collapse-A-Look-Back.aspxaxzz23riaPOrn NewsHour. (2002). Enron After the Collapse. Retrieved from PBS http//www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/business/enron/player6.html Thomas, W. (2002). The Rise and Fall of Enron. Retrieved from J ournal of Accountancy http//www.journalofaccountancy.com/Issues/2002/Apr/TheRiseAndFallOfEnron.htm Wikipedia. (2012). Arthur Anderson. Retrieved from Wikipedia http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Andersen

Nationalism in the 19th century

patriotism is a term used to identify ii phenomena. First, it describes the attitude of individuals towards their nation which result to the rise of theme identity. Second, it pertains to the action that members of a certain nation take in order to achieve the sustainability of self object (Miscevic).During the era of industrialization and urbanization in Western societies, patriotism emerged as one of the most successful political forces. Nationalism became the foundation with which western societies were organized. amongst the historic period of 1850 and 1914, the establishment of nation-states gained the support of all social classes. Hence, the equilibrium in the inter home(a) political power arises.The masses were diverted towards governance that does not get to the class war socialist doctrine. In France, Napoleon III spearheaded the successful campaign for nationalism. During his mild dictatorship for nearly 20 years (1852 to 1870), Napoleon promoted the judgment that n ational states and the programs provided by the government could appeal to all social classes such as the rich, the poor, the conservative, and the radical. Consequently, Napoleons political initiative became a landscape where national states became an avenue for the rapid changes in politics and economy (Lloyd).In 1860, Count Cavour, the nationalist leader of Sardinia unified majority of the areas in Italy. His initiative to promote nationalism resulted in Italys emergence as a single political state without the use of drastic actions in addressing economic and social matters. Two years after, Prussia hailed Otto von Bismarck as the countrys chief minister. Under his leadership, the states of Germany were unified into a single political state under the Prussian governance. This was only make possible after Bismarck fought three wars. The unification of the states of Germany strengthened the pride of nationalism. Likewise, the country attained an anti-liberal and conservative force (Lloyd).In order to attain national identity, the United States competed for national aspirations which eventually led to the civil war. A slave-based cotton industry in the south expanded rapidly right after unsanded lands were utilized for industrialization. Thus, the south was able to generate much demand from cotton production. Due to this, a conflict emerged between the people from the south and the norths urban culture and family farm agriculture. The triumph of north against the south marked the end of slavery. However, land reforms and racial discrimination were not totally addressed (Lloyd).Nationalism also played an important role in the lives of Russian. Right after the Crimean War, major reforms were put forward. In 1861, the freedom of the serfs was attained. Likewise, the government spearheaded the development of modern industries and railroads (Lloyd).As nationalism continued to grow, most of the politicians and national governments responded accordingly in order to strengthen and meet the demands of the people. Because of nationalism, most of the Western societies managed to promote reforms that appeal to all social classes.Works CitedLloyd, Jim. 19th century nationalism. Fresno Unified School District. 2008. 28 October 2008 .Miscevic, Nenad. Nationalism. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 24 September 2005.28 October 2008 .

Klemens Von Metternich

KLEMENS VON METTERNICH Statesman born at Coblenz, 15 May, 1773 died at Vienna, 11 June, 1859 son of count on Georg, Austrian envoy of the Court of Vienna at Coblenz, and maria Beatrix, nee Countess von Kageneck. He studied philosophy at the University of Strasburg, and law and diplomacy at Mainz. A journey to England completed his education. Metternich began his public career in 1801 as Austrian ambassador to the Court of Dresden. Though he had for several years prepared himself for a diplomatic career, he was in ramifyicular fortunate in being immediately appointed to so prominent a position.Only two years later he was made ambassador to Berlin. The emperor considered it real(a)ly burning(prenominal) to have a minister at Berlin who could gain the favour of the Court and the principal Prussian statesmen, and who knew how to combine great powers of observation with a moderate and concurring(a) manner. Metternich had already proved that he possessed these qualities. nap was the n emperor with the new empire at the zenith of its power. The emperor Francis needed his ablest ambassador at piles Court, and in May, 1806, he sent Metternich to Paris.Metternich found himself in the difficult position of representing Austria in the face of the overweening threats and ambitious plans of Napoleon at the height of his power. He did so with dignity and firmness, as his report of his important audience with Napoleon on 15 overbearing, 1808, shows. The year 1809 is marked by the great war mingled with Austria and France. The German States were called upon to join her, plainly only the Tyrol responded. On 13 May Vienna was besieged by the French, but eight days later Napoleon was defeated by the Archduke Charles at Aspern.Metternich, treated as a prisoner of state by Napoleon, was finally released in July in exchange for members of the French embassy. by and by the battle of Wagram Austrias position was hopeless. Its army was cut off from Hungary and compelled to r etreat to Moravia and Bohemia. A great statesman was needed to save the situation. On 4 August the Emperor Francis appointed Metternich as minister of state to confer with Napoleon, and on 8 October, minister of the imperial house and of foreign affairs.By the treaty of Schonbrunn (14 October), Austria was greatly trim down in size, and reached the greatest depths of its humiliation. But the moment of its degradation saw the beginning of its rise. The two-headed eagle soared to the loftiest heights, and it was Metternich who gave it the strength for its flight. For nearly forty years he directed Austrias policy. His graduation concern was to establish tolerable relations with the French Emperor. Napoleon desired by means of a new marriage to ally himself with one of the experient atomic number 63an dynasties in the hope to raise himself and to provide an heir for the imperial throne.He obtained a divorce from Josephine Beauharnais, and through the mediation of Metternich married Maria Louise, daughter of the Emperor Frances of Austria. Though at present it seems to become more and more probable that Napoleons union with Josephine was a valid marriage, nevertheless it is certain that when Napoleon wedded Maria Louise (11 March, 1810) the Court of Vienna and the Papal Curia were absolutely convinced of the unlawfulness of Napoleons frontmost alliance. Napoleons connexion with the imperial family of Austria had no influence on politics.Fate led the French Emperor, after(prenominal) razing so many others, to ruin himself. At Schonbrunn he pronounced the temporal sovereignty of the Roman See to be at an end, and in reply to the popes deraci commonwealth he remarked This will not cause the arms to flake out from the hands of my grenadiers. Although he imprisoned the pope, in the Russian campaign on the Beresina the arms did drop from the frozen hands of his grenadiers. As the crisis approached the decision lay with Austria. From a quarter past eleven in the morning until half past eight in the evening Metternich was closeted with Napoleon (Dresden, 26 June, 1813). Our conference consisted of the strangest farrago of heterogeneous subjects, characterized now by extreme friendliness, now by the most violent outbursts of fury. Napoleon raged, threatened, and leaped up like a chafed lion. Metternich remained calm. Napoleon let his hat, which he was holding under his arm, drop to the floor. Metternich did not stoop to pick it up. The emperor besides tried persuasion. Your sovereigns, he said, who were born to their thrones cannot comprehend the feelings that move me.To them it is nothing to return to their capitals defeated. But I am a soldier. I need honour and glory. I cannot reappear among my people devoid of prestige. I must remain great, admired, covered with glory. For that reason, he said, he could not accept the proposed conditions of peace. Metternich replied, But when will this condition of things cease, in which defeat and vict ory are alike reasons for continuing these dismal wars? If victorious, you insist upon the fruits of your victory if defeated, you are determined to rise again. Napoleon made various offers for Austrias neutrality, but Metternich declined all bargaining, and Napoleons oft-repeated threat, We shall meet in Vienna, was his farewell to Metternich. Metternich gave the signal for war, and Schwarzenberg led the decisive battle of Leipzig. The Emperor Francis raised his beloved Count Metternich to the rank of Austrian prince. Your able efforts in conducting the department with which I entrusted you in difficult times are now, at a moment highly decisive in the worlds destiny, gayly crowned with success. Metternich reached the height of his power and renown at the Congress of Vienna (1814-1815). No idea can be had of the difficulty of the problems that were to be solved. The very first conference of the representatives of the powers previously allied against France (Austria, Prussia, Russi a, and England), held on 19 September, 1814, at Metternichs villa on the Rennweg, ended in a discord over the Polish question. It constantly requisite all of Metternichs most brilliant qualities to preserve harmony. One of his favourite means was to provide festivities of all sorts.They have often been criticized as if they had been the object of the congress, and not a means to attain its ends. Metternich succeeded finally in bridging over every difficulty. The Emperor Francis expressed his satisfaction with Metternichs services in securing peace and secernate in Europe, and especially in restoring to Austria its ancient pre-eminence. The rearrangement of German and Italian affairs gave but little satisfaction to either side, but henceforth Metternich was the leading statesman of Europe.For the settlement of questions pipe down pending and other difficulties that arose, the following congresses were held Aix-la-Chapelle, 1818 Karlsbad (a conference of ministers), 1819 Vienna, 18 20 Troppau, 1820 Laibach, 1821 and Verona, 1822. The Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle, at which the monarchs of Austria, Prussia, and Russia were personally present, devoted its attention to the adjustment of the relations of the powers to France, though Metternich also emphasized the dangers arising from demagogical agitation, and expressed his suspicions that its focus was in Germany.When, not long after, the Russian councillor, Kotzebue, was assassinated by the student, Sand, Metternich in twenty-four conferences of German ministers at Karlsbad took measures to put an end to the policy-making troubles in Germany. every last(predicate) publications of less than twenty folios were to be subject to censorship government officers were to be placed at the universities to supervise them in the several states the constitutions providing for diets in accordance with ancient usage were to be retained representative constitutions were to be suppressed.Despite Englands and Russias resistance, Metternich at the two succeeding congresses successfully carried his proposition to intervene in behalf of the Italian states, which were threatened and hard pressed by the revolution. This measure brought upon Austria the hatred of the Italian people. Finally Austria and Russia split on the question of freeing Greece from the Turkish yoke, Austria showing herself to be a decided friend of the Turks. The result was a blow to Metternichs policy. He had dropped from the high-water mark of his influence.Thereafter Russias influence increased. Since the death of Prince Kaunitz (1794) the position of house, court, and state chancellor had been vacant, but in 1821 Metternich was invested with that office. Your deserts have been increased by the uninterrupted zeal, the ability and fearlessness with which, especially in the last two years, you devoted yourself to the preservation of general order and the triumph of law over the disorderly doings of disturbers of the peace in the states at home and abroad. Under the Emperor Ferdinand I after 1835, the direction of affairs, after the emperor himself, was in the hands of a council consisting of the Archduke Ludwig (uncle of the emperor), the state chancellor Metternich, and the court chancellor Kolowrat. Metternichs influence over Austrias internal affairs was less than is generally supposed. Count Hartig, who was well informed, declares (Geschichte der Revolution, p. 19) In matters of internal administration the prince was seldom heard, and was purposely kept away from them. In this department after 1826, it was the minister Count Kolowrat whose influence was decisive.Many envied Metternich his pre-eminence. The nobleness constantly saw the foreigner in him, and others looked with resentment upon the preference shown foreigners in the state chancery (Friedrich Gentz, Adam Muller, Friedrich Schlegel, Jarke). Grillparzer, director of archives in the Hofkammer, expressed himself very harshly on that point in 1839, thoug h it must be noted that Grillparzer had been highly incensed. In all these matters Kolowrat had the advantage of Metternich. He was even considered competent of granting, or, at least, of preparing a constitution, and was thought to be inclined to do so.As time passed the Metternich corpse came to be held more and more responsible for everything unpleasant, and its author to be dislike and attacked. His own acts show the injustice done the prince in this regard. To quote from his Political Testament To me the word immunity has not the value of a starting-point, but of an actual goal to be striven for. The word order designates the starting-point. It is only on order that freedom can be based. Without order as a foundation the weep for freedom is nothing more than the endeavour of some party or other for an end it has in view.When actually carried out in practice, that cry for freedom will inevitably express itself in tyranny. At all times and in all situations I was a man of or der, yet my endeavour was always for true and not for pretended liberty. These words are the key to the understanding and appreciation of Metternichs actions. Two more passages characteristic of the great statesmans temper of mind whitethorn be cited Admirers of the press honour it with the title, representative of public opinion, though everything written in the papers is nothing but the convention of those who write.Will the value of being the expression of public opinion ever be attributed to the publications of a Government, even of a Republican Government? Surely not Yet every obscure journalist claims this value for his own products. What a confusion of ideas No less just and important a remark is the following on state religion The free fall of empires always directly depends upon the spread of unbelief. For this very reason religious belief, the first of virtues, is the strongest power.It alone curbs attack and makes resistance irresistible. Religion cannot decline in a nation without causing that nations strength also to decline, and the fall of states does not proceed in arithmetical progression according to the law of falling bodies, but rapidly leads to destruction. When on 13 March, 1848, the storm of the revolution raged in Vienna, the state chancellor, who preferred to sacrifice himself rather than others, immediately resigned his position. He went to England, Brussels, and Schloss Johannisberg.From the last place he returned to Vienna in 1851, and eight years later died in his palace on the Rennweg at the age of eighty-six. In Europe Napoleon, Metternich, and Bismarck set their stamp upon the nineteenth century. All three of them lived to see their own fall. Metternich remained the longest in the leading position of coachman of Europe. Nothing better characterizes the great statesman than what he repeatedly said, idealistic and aristocratic as always, to Baron A. von Hubner a few weeks before his death I was a rock of order (un rocher do rdre).Metternich married three times in 1795 Maria Eleonora, granddaughter of Princess Kaunitz, by whom he had seven children in 1827 Maria Antonia, Baroness von Leykam, by whom he had a son, Richard Klemens and in 1831 Countess Melanie Zichy, by whom he had three children. What was the Metternich system? The Metternich system depended upon political and religious censorship, espionage, and the suppression of revolutionary and nationalist movements. His name became anathema to liberals, and the revolutions of 1848 (which forced him to seek refuge in England) were in part directed at his repressive system.Metternich returned to Austria in 1851. Prince metternich set out many different small fires of liberalising revolutions. The system depended upon political and religious censorship, and the suppression of revolutionary and nationalist movements.. This became held for everything unpleasant. Concert of Europe 1815 In the aftermath of Napoleons defeat, the great powers of Europe came together to define the new political order. For fifteen years, the plans devised at the Congress of Vienna (1814-1815) succeeded in reinstating and maintaining Europes monarchies, while suppressing the ambitions of liberals, nationalists, and workers.However, in 1830 and again in 1848 the aspirations of these groups exploded in revolutionary action. All of these would-be revolutions were eventually put down, but the message that an expansion of the political sphere was climax could not be denied. In fact, nationalism drove much of the political change in the two decades following the revolts of 1848. Austria-Hungary was reorganized to give special berth to large minority groups. The states of Italy were brought together in a unified country in 1861.And finally, the German states were unifed under Prussian leadership in 1871. The unification of Italy and Germany were part of a larger pattern. Throughout Europe, the power of the state increased at the same time as more and more peopl e were brought into the political process. betwixt 1848 and 1914, France became a republic again, Britain moved closer to democracy, serfdom was abolished in Russia, and Spain and Portugal moved towards modernization of their governments. By 1914, almost all European men had the right to vote.

Operation Management Essay

To be able produce specialized managers capable of fulfilling strategic tasks within blood and government enterprises the need for the practice of trading operations instruction disregardnot be forgone. Operations precaution is very significant in business operations since it forms the heart of the governing body by controlling the system of operation. Operations appearance deals with the design, operation, and enhancement of the systems that open and deliver a firms primary products and function.Like marketing and finance, operations management is a well-designed field of business with clear management responsibilities. Panasonic Corp. is a company in which produces various electronic components such as Audio, Video, Televisions, Information and Communication, Semi-conductors and an separate(prenominal) Electronic Components. In a business entity like Panasonic Corp. the use of operations management is very essential in every framework of the companys activities. Panasoni c Corp. uses operations management to ensure and maintain competence and effectiveness in the organisation.Efficiency in Panasonic Corp. s concerned with how well resources such as soulfulness expertise and inputs are put in use irrespective of the reason for which they were deployed in the organization. The company through its realizeance ensures that the main objective for its establishment to generate profits and maximize shareholders value is realized. The company reduces its cost of production by ensuring that tangible and intangible possessions are not over stretched or wasted in the organisation. This is a situation where the company carries out effectively its goals to be the market leader exploitation minimum resources to attain maximum output.The methods of effectiveness and competence in Panasonic Corp. leads to parturiency efficiency, yield, and capability fill working capital utilization and the efficiency of production systems. Panasonic Corp. also makes fine use of its products and services management through operations management. Product (or service) management includes a broad range of management activities, ranging from the time that theres a new idea for a product to last provide on-going support to consumers who have purchased the fresh and innovative product.Every organization conducts product supervision, whether its done deliberately or not deliberately. Panasonic Corp. through this module provides a wide idea of considerations in producing and managing its goods. Panasonic Corp. uses it hub competences in the areas of manufacturing, branding, promoting through wholesale and retail outlets to achieve competitive benefits in the market place. Quality management is also a very essential aspect of operations management in every organisation.Panasonic Corp. s very crucial about its products developed for the consumer in the market place. Quality management is vital to effective operations management, specially ongoing perfection to match the consumers taste and preference at all times. focusing Control and Coordinating Function cannot be forgone in operations management particularly in a company like Panasonic Corp. Management control and coordination includes a wide series of activities to make certain that the companys objectives are consistently being met in an effective and efficient style.Key approaches to the companys organizational control and coordination contain product assessment, product allocation, marketing and promotion, sales and service and product advancement. The company also uses advertisements as a major shot to reach the customer. In this increasingly expanding and competitive marketplace, the company make sure its products and services are notably in the minds of their customers and clients. This occurs as a consequence of ongoing promotion and advertising by the company. Facilities management is also an essential task and its importance on operations management for Panasonic Corp. s re quired.Effective operations management in the companys activities dep destroys on a big deal of effective management of facilities, such as buildings, computer system, plants and machinery etc. Facilities management in Panasonic corp. is very important since the company may be busy in a batch or mass production depending on the demand conditions on the market. In this case facilities need to be managed in producing large quantities of products which must be consistent to meet the market demand at definite period. salutary managed facilities help in production speed, lower per unit cost, manage and control the efficiency in the companys production process. Inventory control and management is one important factor of operations management that Panasonic Corp. uses in its operations. Managing and controlling the stock certificate of the company is very critical and essential. Innovative methods, such as Just-in-Time inventory control, are some of the most important instruments utilise by the company to cut costs and move products and services to consumers more rapidly. Generally the significance of operations management on business is urrounded in every aspect of the organizations activities and therefore has vital role to play in ensuring that organizations attain their objectives and goals.Every organization, whether it produces goods or provides services furnishes customers with worthy products. Thus, to compete with other organizations, a company must transform resources (materials, labour, money, information) into goods or services as efficiently as possible. The upper-level manager who directs this mutation process is called an operations manager.The job of operations management (OM) is to transform resources into products which consist of all the activities involved in transforming a product idea into finished and lowest products. In other words, operations managers manage the process that transforms inputs into outputs. Like Panasonic Corp. all manufac turers set out to execute the same basic roles to transform resources into finished goods. To perform this function in todays business surroundings, manufacturers must constantly struggle to improve operational effectiveness.They must focus on quality, the costs of materials and labour and all costs that add no value to the finished product. Making the decisions in the effort to achieve these objectives is the job of the operations manager. That persons responsibilities can be grouped as follows * Production cookery. During production planning, managers determine how goods will be produced, where production will be carried out, and how manufacturing facilities will be done. * Production control. at a time the production process is started, managers must repetitively schedule and monitor the activities that make up that process.They must respond to feedback and make adjustments where required. At this stage, they also supervise the buy of raw materials and the usage of inventories . * Quality control. Finally, the operations manager is directly concerned in efforts to make sure that goods are produced according to terms and that quality value are maintained. Planning the Production Process Managers in Panasonic Corp. believe that the decisions made in the planning phase have long-range implications and are vital to a firms achievement.Before making decisions about the operations process, managers must consider the goals set by marketing managers. Does the company aim to be a low-cost producer and to struggle on the basis of price? Or does it plan to focus on quality and go after the eminent end of the market? Perhaps it wants to build a standard of consistency. What if it intends to offer a wide range of products? To make things even more complicated, all these decisions involve trade-offs. Upholding a reputation for reliability isnt necessarily compatible with offering a wide range of products.Low cost doesnt normally go impart in hand with high quality. W ith these factors in mind, lets look at the specific types of decisions that have to be made in the production planning process. Weve divided these decisions into those dealing with production methods, site selection, facility layout, and components and materials management. Production-Method Decisions The first step in production planning is deciding which type of production process is topper for making the goods that your company intends to manufacture.In reaching this decision, you should answer such questions as the following * How much input do I receive from a particular customer before producing my goods? * Am I making a one-of-a-kind good based solely on customer specifications, or am I producing high- wad order goods to be sold later? * Do I offer customers the option of customizing an otherwise standardized good to meet their specific needs? One way to appreciate the nature of this decision is by comparing three basic types of processes or methods make-to-order, mass prod uction, and mass customization.The task of the operations manager is to work with other managers, particularly marketers, to select the process that best serves the needs of the companys customers. Make-to-Order At one time, most consumer goods, such as furniture and clothing, were made by individuals practicing various crafts. By their very nature, products were customized to meet the needs of the buyers who ordered them.This process, which is called a make-to-order strategymake-to-order strategyProduction method in which products are made to customer specification. is still commonly used by such businesses as print or sign shops that produce low-volume, high-variety goods according to customer specifications. Mass Production Automakers produce a high volume of cars in anticipation of future demand. By the early twentieth century, however, a new concept of producing goods had been introduced mass production (or make-to-stock strategy)mass production (or make-to-stock strategy)Produ ction method in which high volumes of products are made at low cost and held in inventory in anticipation of future demand. s the practice of producing high volumes of identical goods at a cost low enough to price them for large numbers of customers.Goods are made in anticipation of future demand (based on forecasts) and unplowed in inventory for later sale. This approach is particularly appropriate for standardized goods ranging from processed foods to electronic appliances. Mass Customization But theres a disadvantage to mass production customers, as one contemporary advertising slogan puts it, cant have it their way.They have to accept standardized products as they amaze off assembly lines. Increasingly, however, customers are looking for products that are designed to accommodate individual tastes or needs but can still be bought at reasonable prices. To meet the demands of these consumers, many companies have turned to an approach called mass customizationmass customizationProd uction method in which more or less high volumes of customized products are made at fairly low prices. , which (as the term suggests) combines the advantages of customized products with those of mass production.This approach requires that a company interact with the customer to find out exactly what the customer wants and consequently manufacture the good, using efficient production methods to hold down costs. One efficient method is to mass-produce a product up to a certain cut-off point and then to customize it to satisfy different customers. The list of companies devoting at least a portion of their operations to mass customization is growing steadily. Perhaps the best-known mass customizer is Dell, which has achieved phenomenal success by allowing customers to configure their own personal computers.The Web has a lot to do with the growth of mass customization. Nike, for instance, now lets customers design their own acrobatic shoes on the firms Web site. Procter & Gamble offers made-to-order, personal-care products, such as shampoos and fragrances, while Mars, Inc. can make M&Ms in any color the customer wants (say, school colors). Naturally, mass customization doesnt work for all types of goods. Most people dont care about customized detergents or paper products. And while many of us like the idea of customized clothes from Levis or Lands End, we often arent willing to pay the higher prices they command.

Utos Ng Hari

JULIUS MARCOS SISON 381 Coloong II, Valenzuela city Email Address emailprotected com Contact Number 09215649835/09357762293 OBJECTIVE To utilize the knowledge I produced in the content of Mathematics major in stemma Application, and to show my skills and to perform my suitable ability in your company. personalised BACKGROUND BirthdayJuly 02, 1994 BirthplaceValenzuela City Age18 years old Gender manlike Height55 Weight55 kg. ReligionRoman Catholic CitizenshipFilipino LanguagesTagalog and position Blood Type (O) EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT Tertiary BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITYBachelor of Science in Mathematics (Business Application) Malolos, Bulacan 2010-Present tributaryPOLO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Valenzuela, City 2006 2010 PrimaryColoong Elementary School Valenzuela, City 2000 2006 RELEVANT SKILLS * Business Oriented * Efficiency in Microsoft Application such as Ms. Office and Exel. * Negotiation Skills and sound communication skill to interact with customers. ACHIVEMENT * Best Marketi ng Booth in the Marketing Trade fair February 20, 2013 TRAININGS AND SEMINARS accompanied * Career Building for On the Job Trainees AVR Federizo mansion house Bulacan State UniversityFebruary 21, 2013 * Formulating of Marketing Strategies A Mathematical Strategies AVR Federizo Hall Bulacan State University February 19, 2013 * The Role of Statistic in Business Planning AVR Federizo Hall Bulacan State University February 21, 2012 CHARACTER REFERENCE Mr. Joselito S. Roque instructor Bulacan State University College of Science Mrs. Lucita M. Santiago Teacher Malinta Elementary School Mr. Wilfredo Ramos Brgy. Chairman Coloong II, Valenzuela City I hereby certify that the above information are true and correct to the best of my knowledge. JULIUS MARCOS SISON Applicant

Explain why the Environment is such a discursive subject

It is a fact that the planets weather is becoming more(prenominal) erratic, and ultimately warmer. The causes of the changes to our weather scheme atomic number 18 undeniable, but the real(a) debate is if they ar entirely man made. Evidence of carbon emissions increase is available, but in that location is no smoking gun that categorically proves that the two atomic number 18 linked (sceptical acquisition website accessed 20/04/11). Until this can be proved beyond doubt one way or the other, spate will disagree on mans impact on the earth.Since the Industrial Revolution of the 19th century there has been a outgrowth concern on the impact of economic development in personality (Moran, 2005, p338). antithetic individuals and different political parties will have differing views on the impact and relevance of environmental issues in the youthful political military man. Despite the awareness of the issue, environmental issues would not enter mainstream politics until the 1 960s. Previously there was myopic thought given to the natural resources consumed by man, but in the modern world their finite nature has been realised (Bentley, 2006, p137).By the late 1980s all mainstream political parties would have adopted and developed their own environmental agendas (ibid, p138). Pressure groups such as Greenpeace, the CND, Friends of the Earth and the World Wildlife Fund were fly the cooping in the UK and around the world during the 70s and 80s in order to consider the environmental agenda to the political forefront. But it was not just twitch groups bringing environmentalism to the political landscape, but also a whole new political society.The Green party was started in 1985 with the aim of moving politics away from what it felt was the continued pursuit of economic development and focusing more on clean sustainable living (Moran, 2005, p338). The Green party has continued to compound since its inception. The party currently has 109 elected local coun cillors, 2 European MPs and in the May 2010 election gained their number one seat in the Westminster when party leader Caroline Lucas won Brighton and Hove (Green Party Website accessed 20/04/2011).With the Green parties growing influence in British Politics, the real threat of global warming, a globalized economy and the existence of more and more pressure groups, we can be assured that the environmental agenda will remain in British Politics for many years to come. There are many examples of environmental campaigns that have already been and gone and the results of which can still be containn today. In 1982 and Englishman named Des Wilson began a campaign called CLEAR, with the aim of minify the impact of lead pollution from flatulency.Lead pollution was known to have serious impact on the health of young children, as well as the environment as a whole. Fortunately for the members of CLEAR, the campaign had already begun to reduce lead pollution in the UK. These campaigns had support in some very powerful places. The Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution had already stated its desires for lead free petrol, and the German government had been appealing to the rest of Europe over the danger to German and other European forests.A European Union directive shortly followed and the studyity of Western states installed lead-free petrol in their petrol points by the end of 1983 (Leach, 2006, p423). In 1972 International think tank the club of Rome produce a book called The Limits of Growth, and warned that the existing economic growth was putting a serious assembly line on Earths natural resources and warned of an impending catastrophe for mankind.Awareness of environmental issues was growing in Britain too, with the National Trust, the Council for testimonial of Rural England and the RSPB some of the long standing organisations joining the environmental campaign. Also, newer groups such as Transport 2000 and the internality for Alternative Technolo gy sprung up and joined many UK equaled and/or based campaigns (Leach, 2005, p424). There is weeny doubt that the campaigns of these pressure groups helped to bring the environmental agenda to the forefront of British Politics.Environmental issues will affect all other constitution areas of political parties and governments in a way that few other issues can. As stated previously with the CLEAR campaign, the doing of placing lead free petrol on the petrol station forecourt would of been non-existent had the lead-free petrol been twice the price of leaded fuel. As such, the British government encouraged the teddy by placing reduced taxes on unleaded petrol, so the impact of making the environmentally conscious form _or_ system of government affected taxation in 1983 (ibid, p423).Any new development of roads, rail track or real estate will need to go through certain environmental checks prior to any readiness permission being granted. An excellent example from recent times of e nvironmental issues affecting a political decision relates to the prep permissions of the new Olympic Games site in Stratford. As part of the process for obtaining planning permission, the Olympic Delivery Authority produced a 40 page Environment statement on how they be later on to maintain the sites wildlife before, during and after the Olympic Games (London 2012 website accessed 20/04/11).Rather then possibly serving as a hindrance to the project, the environmental impact and sustainability became a key component of what the project wished to achieve. This is clears evidence that environmental issues are so ingrained in political thought that they are no longer considered as an after thought. This is, in my opinion, a clear indication of how the early environmental lobbyists were successful in their pursuit to bring environmentalism to the mainstream political agenda. International pledges on environmental issues will also affect the thinking of a government political organ isation.In 1997 186 states agreed on limits to their carbon emissions. The aim was to reduce the carbon emissions of signed countries to 5% below 1990 levels by 2012. Although initially successful (the 2002 targets set out by the agreement were met) the problems with the Kyoto began when the US withdrew from the agreement in 2001. Although President Clinton had agreed to the treaty in 97, there were serious issues getting it through the senate, and in 2001 President Bush pulled the US out of Kyoto declaring that it would gravely damage the US economy.The principal of the agreement on Kyoto would see states given a set quota of emissions each year, and these limits they would be allowed to trade off against one another. This would see high emission nations such as the US buy unused credits off of little polluting countries such as The Netherlands. Nations could also earn extra credits by getting involved in environmental conservation works in their own country or in a development n ation (BBC website accessed 19/04/2011).Kyoto would ultimately leave out because the principal of trading emissions quotas would be unsustainable, and no significant reductions in emissions were achieved though the life of the treaty. The last attempt to broker an agreement in the international community was in December 2009 in Copenhagen, Denmark. As flush toilet Vidal wrote in the Guardian The so-called Copenhagen accord recognises the scientific showcase for keeping temperature rises to no more than 2C but does not contain commitments to emissions reductions to achieve that goal.After the conference, G77 executive director director Lumumba Di-Aping described the deal as having the lowest level of ambition you can get, and John Sauven of Greenpeace UK described Copenhagen as a crime scene (Guardian Website, accessed 19/04/11). The simple truth is that environmental issues are here to stay. The early work of environmental pressure groups such as Friends of the Earth and Greenpe ace has clearly had an effect on modern political thought. Every political party will have an environmental policy outlined in its pre-election manifesto as well as in the policy section of its website.As we saw with the Olympic Stadium, the environmental impact of the construction process and post games legacy was a major factor when the whole project was outlined. Environmentalism in politics is here to stay. Major international agreements may fail like Kyoto, or fail to even appear as was the case with Copenhagen, but the pressure groups are growing is strength and influence, and any move by the political system to remove environmentalism will be met with strong opposition and serious repercussions.

Tokya Disneyland , Disney in Asia

Beyond capital of Japan Disneys Expansion in Asia DISNEY IN ASIA Early in 1999, Michael Eisner, CEO of The Walt Disney Company, voiced his opinions concerning potential markets for his firms entertainment products and services. A major thrust for the new millenium would be development in Asia. We could be acquire close to the conviction for a major Disney attraction in the worlds most inhabited farming. The Walt Disney Company, Annual Report, 1998. I am completely confident that Chinese people love Mickey no slight than they love a Big Mac. Statement by Michael Eisner, CEO of The Walt Disney Company, during a trip to china in January 1999, Knight-Ridder/Tribune Business News, 16 June 1999. INTERNATIONAL THEME PARKS AND RESORTS DISNEY EXPERIENCE Tokyo Disneyland pic Euro Disney (now Disneyland Paris) pic DISNEY AND CHINA IN THE 1990s Relations between the Disney Company and the government of chinaware had non been particularly tranquil in recent years. Disney held firm on i ts position on the movie. Disneys potential business in chinaware is infinite.But Disney has to decide whether it wants to facilitate business or stand for free speech. Not all of Disneys relationships with China were negative however. The liberalization of Chinas markets had catchd benefits for the firm. The Lion King had brought in almost $4 one thousand million in 1996 and the soundtrack had sold 1. 4 million copies. POTENTIAL OF THE ASIAN MARKET Building and investing in a multi-billion dollar case park would represent another major, long-term commitment for The Walt Disney Company. Therefore, much look for and planning were involved in this decision.In addition to the attractiveness of each of the remaining cities, Shanghai and Hong Kong, the market characteristics of the rent for theme park get a lines by the Chinese people would have to be carefully evaluated. Although the victor of the Tokyo Disney theme park would strengthen the case for another facility in Asia, o ther data and experience brought up additional questions. Between 1993 and 1998, more than 2000 theme parks had been opened in China, developed and financed by both domestic and foreign investors.Disney management was convinced that a huge, child-loving populace would support a fresh theme park business. Instead, many projects were swamped by excessive competition, poor market projections, high costs, and relentless limp from topical anaesthetic officials. Cultural Factor The Chinese had a ethnical disposition toward pampering children, which had been accentuated by the nations one-child per couple policy. Although many theme parks in China had not been successful, it was still generally believed that an exciting experience of high quality would attract visitants to a park.A mundane experience would be unlikely to spark pertain in a second visit. Based on the repeat visitors at both other Disney theme park, management was sort of confident that they would be successful in a ttracting Chinese visitors not only the first time, but also the second, third, and fourth times. CASE Questions for Review 1. What heathenish challenges are present by Disneys expansion into Asia? How are these different from those in Europe? There are nearly cultural challenges posed by Disneys expansion into Asia.For example, Disney in Hong Kong soon realized that its attempts at cultural sensitivity had not gone far enough. For instance, the decision to serve shark fin soup, a local favorite greatly angered environmentalists. The park ultimately had to remove the dish from its menus. Furthermore, there is negative media reporting of the relatively new theme park for Hong Kong Disneyland in terms of cultural challenge. On the other hand, in order to make the park culturally sensitive, Hong Kong Disneyland would be trilingual with English, Cantonese and Mandarin.The park would also accommodate a fantasy garden for taking picture with the Disneys characters, popular among Asia tic phaetons, as rise up as more covered and rainproof spaces to accommodate the drizzly climate. Attendance and operating income in France were less than anticipated and a major restructuring of the Euro Disney operating company was affected in 1994. Cultural challenges, as substantially as a European recession in the early 1990s, resulted in less than expected success of the park and its related hotels and facilities.Renamed Disneyland Paris early in 1994, and with enhanced performance, the Disney European experience finally began to patch up off for this facility, which, by the late 1990s, was the largest theme park in Western Europe With these two, quite different, experiences in operating a large theme park and resort facility outside of the continental get together States, the Eisner management team was ready to move into China. Two fixs were in the running early in 1999, representing quite different operating and financial strategies and structures.Either Hong Kong or Sh anghai would likely be the site of the contiguous Disney theme park. This was the challenge faced by the Disney management team, with a target decision date of June 1999. 2. How do cultural variables influence the mending choice of theme parks around the world? Cultural obstacles influence the location of new theme parks in Asia. One is finding the right location. Often, more important than sum is whether a venue is located in a metropolis, whether it is comfortably accessible by public transportation.However, in cultural perspective, there is an additional threat of competition, both from local attractions and those of other international corporations because of the position that it seems that Asian travelers are loyal to their local attractions. Therefore, the stiff competition of the theme park industry in Asia leave behind center on not only which park can throw a surge of interest in its first year but also which can build a loyal trading floor of repeat customers. In d eciding on a site for a China theme park, a number of factors had to be identified, considered, and evaluated.In consultation with the Disney Board of Directors, they were looking for an international character for this park. A diversified visitor base would reduce the risks of problems in one country having an adverse effect on international visitor flow. Infrastructure in the area of the park and the region supporting it were also important. Visitors should be able to orbital cavity the park easily, by a variety of forms of transportation airports, railroads, roadways, tunnels, bridges, bus lines, etc. hould be well establish or enhanced while the park was being constructed. A prime area would be easily accessible and would also support a park most efficiently. The park and the region should contribute to visitors extending their time spent at the Disney facility. Management knew that convincing visitors to stay at the site, in a Disney hotel, was likely to generate greater cas h flows from the park and its ancillary facilities. A stock of hotel rooms to upport park visitors was also important. cortege at a variety of price points, from economy to luxury should be available when the park opened. 3. What location would you recommend for Disneys next theme park in Asia? Why? We recommend Malaysia for Disneys next theme park in Asia. Therefore, one of such strategic locations is the state of Johor in Malaysia due to the fact that Malaysian officials wanted to develop Johor in order to rival its neighbor Singapore, as a tourist attraction.In fact, there can be a Disneyland in Singapore however, we dont want to create a competitive environment between Hong Kong and Singapore. For us, there shouldnt be two large Disney lands per region. Therefore, the scoop location in Asia to build a new theme park is Malaysia. We think that Malaysia Disneyland can kinda bring in a new set of customers. EPILOGUE Despite its already large size, the Asian theme park industry i s still developing.